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| PhotoShop Basics |
| What is Photoshop? |
| Photoshop |
| is a professional photo editing and graphic design pr ogr am which lets you wor k with a number of file |
| types that can be pr inted, exported f or web, emailed, or br ought into other programs. Her e I’m going to go over the |
| basics of editing images in photoshop. |
| Photoshop work space. |
| Application Bar |
| If you look at the top of the screen you will see the Menu bar which contains all the main functions of Photoshop, |
| such as File, Edit, Image, Layer, Select, Filter, View, Window, and Help. |
| Tools Panel |
| Most of the major tools are located in the Tool bar for easy access. |
| Image Window |
| The image will appear in its own window once you open a file. |
| Document Tab |
| The name of any image that you open will be at the top of the image window as shown above. |
| Palettes |
| Palettes contain functions that help you monitor and modify images. By default, palettes |
| are stacked together in groups. These are the palettes that are usually visible: Navigator, Color, Histogram, |
| Layer. If none of the palettes are visible, go to Window in the Menu bar and choose palettes you need to work |
| with. |
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| Easy photo editing |
| Opening a photograph |
| Open the Photoshop application. |
| On the top menu bar go to file>open>navigate to the place on your computer or hard drive that the photograph you want to |
| open is located in>select the photograph>click |
| open |
| at the button of the pop up menu. |
| On your Key board you can hit Apple (mac) Command (PC) letter O on the keyboard and that brings up the open dialog box |
| Easy Photo adjustments |
| To easily make adjustments to photos changing the brightness of a photograph or the contrast go to: Image>Adjustments> |
| [choose which photo adjustment you would like to make i.e., levels, curves, exposure, vibrancy etc] |
| Blacks |
| Whites |
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| Undoing Changes |
| If |
| you make a change you do not want to keep you can 1) hit key command |
| apple>Z |
| or 2) you can go on the top menu bar |
| edit>undo |
| or 3) you can go to History on the right hand side and drag the change you just made to the little garbage can in |
| the right hand corner of the history palette. If you want to undue more than one change back you will have to use the history |
| palette and drag each layer to the trash from last change to first change. |
| Drag layer to trash |
| Levels Verses’ Curves |
| A common adjustment you will want to make to a photograph is levels or cures. These are similar but have different |
| strengths. They both adjust the lightness and darkness of tones. |
| Levels |
| is very good at setting a black point (left on |
| slider) and white point (right on slider) holding down |
| the option key as you move the sliders shows you |
| Cures |
| when clipping starts in an image. When you hold the |
| are good at making tonal separation in colors that are read |
| option key down your photo goes white. Only areas |
| as grey tones. While the levels can only adjust the mid tones |
| with pure blacks or pure whites show up. Move the |
| on a slider, curves can select as many points as you want |
| left black point up the bar, when color starts to show |
| and adjust specific areas to get better tonal contrast. |
| on the white screen that means you have started |
| loosing detail in your blacks. Set the black and white |
| points just to the edge of their clipping spectrum. |
| Black |
| Point |
| White |
| Point click to add points, |
| grab point and drag |
| to deleate point |
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| Cropping Photos |
| File Types |
| There are many different types of files. For our purposes I’m not going to get into the heavy details but I’ll give you a light |
| over view of a few key types |
| JPG |
| (joint photographic group) a jpg is a lossy compression file system. This means every time a jpeg is saved the file throws out |
| pixel information resulting in a lower quality photograph. However for use like emailing photographs or putting them up on |
| the web jpg’s are perfect. Jpg’s have small file size’s, universal compatibility between computers and editing programs, and are |
| the most common digital photo file, however jpegs can not save multiple layers. |
| PSD |
| (Photoshop document) a psd is an adobe specific file format. psd’s are not supported by all photo editing programs. They are |
| larger than jpg’s, not a good choice for emilaing or putting on the web. But they do save multiple layers and are a lossless com- |
| pression system. This means when they are saved, no information is throw out in the process. When you open the file next your |
| file quality has not been degraded. |
| GIF |
| (Grafic Interchange Format) A giff is another type of losses file system, that can save layers and is pretty common for most |
| digital photo editing programs. Gif’s are often used to make animations for the web. |
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| Saving files |
| Go to file>save as> select file type and destination you want it saved in. remember file/save writes over your original image |
| where file/save-as saves a new copy. Key command apple>s for file/save key command apple>shift>S for sale/save-as. |
| Saving for Web |
| If you post a photo on a website without reducing its size, download time on your page will be affected. Photos should al- |
| ways be resized if posting on a webpage or sharing via email. Understanding Resolutuion. Resolution consists of a number of |
| pixels or dots per inch (ppi/dpi). One pixel is a tiny little square. Photos are made up of many, many pixels, dependent on the |
| camera being used. |











Astrology Tutorial
The Sun
The Moon
Mercury
Venus
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
1st House - This house is associated with Aries and denotes dynamic aggression and the heroic quest for action and identity. It is the true house of Personality, and can suggest what you look like, what you act like, and your outlook on life. It also rules your body, and is seen as the window through which you view the world. In this House you will learn about your early childhood and beginnings in life, your interests in the present, your physical body, personal affairs, attitude, health and well-being, private life, self- awareness and personality It is the most important of all the houses, and includes the Ascendant, or rising sign. Planets that reside in this House on the date and time of your birth chart will determine your overall appearance and behavior, and your psychological motivation and well-being.
2nd House - This house is associated with Taurus and denotes all your wealth, property and valuables--and your values, which is not just money but what you own. It asks the question: What is wealth? Is it money or time? What do you consider your most valuable assets? Planets in the second house usually represents some kind of entrepreneurial skills, such as banking, investing, or any job dealing with money. This house will tell you where you get your peace of mind, what your strongest desires are in life, and how you redeem yourself. It is called the House of Values, meaning personal freedom, movable possessions and acquisitions. It is associated with self-preservation, self-acquired money, borrowing, giving and receiving, and penalties. However, it can also denote feelings, since love and money are closely connected. Above all, it shows your attitude towards security, possessions and partners. Usually your financial needs here will tell what your emotional needs are; they may complement each other.
3rd House - This house is associated with Gemini and centers around communication, sensitivity, connecting, coordinating information, and community service. This house can reveal what you think, your ability to relate to your environment, your dexterity or duality, and your early education. You may also find out information about your brothers, sisters, neighbors, near relatives (aunts, uncles) or early school days here. This house buzzes with mental energy, nervousness, will power, and your mode of transportation. Most importantly, this house tells you about what is the best environment for you to live in, how to cope with noise, crowds; your mode of speech; and your mental attitude--how you find self-expression.
4th House - This house is associated with Cancer and because Cancer is located at the bottom of the chart, it refers to our roots--family, home life, early environment, or how we define security. Above all, this house represents safety, our base of operations, and on a deeper level, our individual soul. It is that which is hidden in the depths of the self, and the end of things. It shows us information about our domestic life, our parents (especially our mother), our homeland, and whether we are concerned about our past. Also revealed here is our relationship with our parents, our role as provider, and any kind of land affairs. It can represent the end of life, or the end of some kind of situation.
5th House - This house is associated with Leo and denotes self-expression and creativity. Artists abound in this house, as do theater buffs, entertainers, and anyone enjoying the limelight. This house shows us our love affairs, our relationship to children, our self-expression, creativity, and personal stamp on life. It shows our direct relationship to life with our heart, our hidden karma. The love affairs shown here are not always sexual, although they can be. Key things to watch for in this house are affairs of the heart, children, types of sports, hobbies, games, theaters, and flashes of immortality. How we take pleasure is hinted at in this house, as is how we take risks, and our relationship to our father. We find, in this house, that our creativity can take many forms--acting, playing a musical instrument, gardening, cooking or car maintenance. We also find our reaction to procreation here, our relationship with our children, and the way we express affection. This house is the House of Lovers, and chances are a new affair will appear in this house. Watch for any dangers, such as a devil-may-care attitude.
6th House - This house is associated with Virgo and denotes our attitude towards daily service, work, personal health, and how we find meaning in our work. It also shows how our body takes care of itself, whether we are ill or healthy, and of what value we are to others. This house is the house of self-adjustment, work, health, mental and physical conflicts. Mostly, however, this is the House of Service. This house will reveal whether we are self-controlled--following a diet, exercising, pursuing hobbies, doing routine work. It also shows the conditions under which we work, the employees around us, our attitude towards work and labor, and our love of animals. This house is an important influence on our well-being, not physically like the 1st House of Ares, but it shows us how we treat our bodies--how we take care of ourselves. Are we active or passive? Do we have a busy career, or are we couch potatoes? Do we work well with our co-workers? This House should answer these questions.
7th House - This house is associated with Libra and is the first house visible over the horizon. It shows us our relationship with our partner(s), and how we view intimacy. Libras typically gain identity through their interaction with others, and make good counselors. Strong planets in this house show strong attachments to others: how are we drawn, what draws others to us. Do we have a strong marriage? Do we have any enemies? Have we been divorced? Above all, this house shows the self in conflict with itself, our individuality, and the "we" of consciousness that seeks harmony. It is the house of partnerships, not only emotional relationships, but work partners and all one-on- one relationships. It is also the house of commitments, different from the fifth's house and its focus on love. This house reflects the deep-rooted needs of individuals. It may show what sort of partner a person is looking for, the harmony and balance within a relationship, or the ever-present balancing act between independence and need. Rapport is an important facet of this house, for all relationships.
8th House - This house is associated with Scorpio and is mysterious, complex, relating to the underworld of death, sex, and other people's money. It rules taxes, inheritance, investment banking, surgery, and . The house is also said to rule the invisible things or forces, such as prayer, and the world of magic--shamanism, regeneration, and the afterlife. Strong planets in this house could reveal strong auras, force fields, or personal magnetism--all the "invisible" elements of the personality. In the ancient world, this house was sacred. In the modern world, this house is considered to rule the taboo. This house can reveal soul-searching, the pondering of big questions, and the Phoenix-like transformation from one thing into another--the cause of change. This rebirth occurs when the person has come to terms with deep-rooted psychological problems after psyhotherapy, self-analysis, or the death of a loved one. The house may also reveal our sexual urges, our deep-seated sexual instinct, and how a person changes. It is also the house of crime, research and investigation.
9th House - This house is associated with Sagittarius and denotes long journeys, eclecticism, and an interest in research or studying. It reflects how we may serve as a researcher, publisher, teacher or promoter, or how curious we may be towards life. Are we well-traveled? Do we have a lot of stories to tell? This house can answer that. This house reveals our superconscious mind, and the deeply ingrained religious philosophy of self. It shows our intuition, our inspiration, and spiritual visions. It forecasts any expansions in horizon, which can be mental or spiritual. Most likely, a strong showing here will mean a strong religion or belief system, and some kind of spirituality. This house also rules the courts, law and the legal system, the psychic realm, and higher education. Long-distance travel, ideals, dreams, and a challenging approach to life are all revealed here, as are our opinions on spiritual matters, language, dreams, inspiration and morality.
10th House - This house is associated with Capricorn and is located at the midheaven, or "middle of heavens," the highest point the sun has reached on your date of birth. It reveals your profession, your public personal or vocation, or in plain terms, your gift to the world. A strong showing here means you will find meaningful work, can express yourself, and get paid for it. This house tells you what kind of employer, parent, president, or head person "in charge" you will be. Are you like Lucy? Or Charlie Brown? Your career, reputation, activities, and honors will all be highlighted here, as will be your prestige, honor and standing in society. This house shows how you deal with employees, how they view you, your karma, how you deal with people in power, your goals or aspirations, and your "authority" in your chosen career. It also shows your relationship to your parent of the same sex, your sense of duty, and how you progress in the world. Above all, it shows how you cope with responsibility and power, how you deal with the true "destiny" given to you.
11th House - This house is associated with Aquarius and shows your true sense of community, teamwork, how you work with others, and your hopes and wishes. It is the house of democracy, or positive anarchy, and includes networking, community affairs, and anything relating to service for others. How do you work with a team? How many friends do you have? Do you achieve your goals through your personal relationships? All of these questions can be answered here. This house governs your likes and dislikes, your friends, your idealism, and how you interact with masses of people or the media. Do you belong to clubs or organizations? Are you able to overcome obstacles? What kind of reputation do you have? All of these questions can be seen here. This is the house of social life, of accomplishing objectives, of having a social conscience, and our attitude towards suffering. Are our motives self-centered or altruistic? Will we work well on a committee? Look to this house for answers to these questions.
12th House - Associated with Pisces this house is the last house above the horizon, and rules our culture's unconscious, all that society has forgotten, exiled or suppressed. In this house we see those who are not mainstream, and who have followed the myth of exile. This house will feature people who have taken a deep journey and discovered jewels at the bottom of the sea of collective unconscious, only to bring them back and share them with a community. The temptation is there not to return, and this house will look at how to restore our memory into something essential. It is the house of widows, orphans, and secret enemies. It is also the house of institutions, escapism, subversion, subconscious, and all that is hidden. In this house we see our leftovers from the past, and have to deal with frustration and limitation. We can see our attitude towards service and suffering. This is the house of charity and the house of karma, and our relationship with the other world of spirit. It reveals any hidden life of crime, misfortune, trouble, losses, our most difficult tasks and things we need to work out for ourselves. It is linked to hospitals, prisons, any place of seclusion or escape, and anything dealing with our unconscious, or root of psychological problems. This house shows how we deal with difficulties in a proper way: by sacrifice, reflection, doing good work, or strengthening character.